Sodium bicarbonate The forgotten miracle in sports and healing
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Baking soda (sodium bicarbonate, NaHCO3) is a widely known household product that is an increasingly popular dietary supplement nowadays for athletes due to its scientifically proven ergogenic effects. The following study aims to provide an insight into the physiological effects of NaHCO3, in particular its influence on acid-base balance, delaying muscle fatigue and promoting recovery. It also discusses its potential therapeutic applications in the treatment of various diseases. The literature review suggests that NaHCO3 has potential both in the hands of athletes and for therapeutic use in the clinic.
Downloads
Article Details
Section
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
References
Adeva-Andany, M. M., Fernández-Fernández, C., Mouriño-Bayolo, D., Castro-Quintela, E., & Domínguez-Montero, A. (2014). Sodium Bicarbonate Therapy in Patients with Metabolic Acidosis. The Scientific World JOURNAL, 2014(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/627673
Ahn, S., Kim, Y., Sohn, C. H., Seo, D. W., Lim, K. S., Donnino, M. W., & Kim, W. Y. (2018). Sodium bicarbonate on severe metabolic acidosis during prolonged cardiopulmonary resuscitation: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled pilot study. Journal of Thlevyoracic Disease, 10(4), 2295–2302. https://doi.org/10.21037/jtd.2018.03.124
Al-Abri, S. A., & Kearney, T. (2013). Baking soda misuse as a home remedy: case experience of the California Poison Control System. Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, 39(1), 73–77. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpt.12113
Ansdell, P., & Dekerle, J. (2020). Sodium bicarbonate supplementation delays neuromuscular fatigue without changes in performance outcomes during a basketball match simulation protocol. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 34(5), 1369–1375. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000002233
Bangsbo, J., Iaia, F. M., & Krustrup, P. (2008). The Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test. Sports Medicine, 38(1), 37–51. https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-200838010-00004
Bhattacharya, S. K., Dutta, P., Dutta, D., & Chakraborti, M. K. (1990). Super ORS. Indian Journal of Public Health, 34(1), 35–37. PMID: 2101384.
Cappellesso, F., Orban, M., Shirgaonkar, N., Berardi, E., Serneels, J., Neveu, M., Di Molfetta, D., Piccapane, F., Caroppo, R., Debellis, L., Ostyn, T., Joudiou, N., Mignion, L., Richiardone, E., Jordan, B. F., Gallez, B., Corbet, C., Roskams, T., DasGupta, R., . . . Mazzone, M. (2022). Targeting the bicarbonate transporter SLC4A4 overcomes immunosuppression and immunotherapy resistance in pancreatic cancer. Nature Cancer, 3(12), 1464–1483. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43018-022-00470-2
Carr, A. J., Hopkins, W. G., & Gore, C. J. (2011). Effects of acute alkalosis and acidosis on performance: A meta-analysis. Sports Medicine, 41(10), 801–814. https://doi.org/10.2165/11591440-000000000-00000
Chao, M., Wu, H., Jin, K., Li, B., Wu, J., Zhang, G., Yang, G., & Hu, X. (2016). A nonrandomized cohort and a randomized study of local control of large hepatocarcinoma by targeting intratumoral lactic acidosis. eLife, 5. https://doi.org/10.7554/elife.15691
Ding, B., Zheng, P., Tan, J., Chen, H., Meng, Q., Li, J., Li, X., Han, D., Li, Z., Ma, X., Ma, P., & Lin, J. (2023). Sodium bicarbonate nanoparticles for amplified cancer immunotherapy by inducing pyroptosis and regulating lactic acid metabolism. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 62(40). https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202307706
Dixon, H., Baker, C., Baker, J., Dewhurst, S., & Hayes, L. (2017). Sodium bicarbonate ingestion improves Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test 1 performance: a randomized crossover trial. Nutrition and Dietary Supplements, 9, 23–27. https://doi.org/10.2147/nds.s131947
Grgic, J., Garofolini, A., Pickering, C., Duncan, M. J., Tinsley, G. M., & Del Coso, J. (2019). Isolated effects of caffeine and sodium bicarbonate ingestion on performance in the Yo-Yo test: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 23(1), 41–47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2019.08.016
Grgic, J., Pedisic, Z., Saunders, B., Artioli, G. G., Schoenfeld, B. J., McKenna, M. J., Bishop, D. J., Kreider, R. B., Stout, J. R., Kalman, D. S., Arent, S. M., VanDusseldorp, T. A., Lopez, H. L., Ziegenfuss, T. N., Burke, L. M., Antonio, J., & Campbell, B. I. (2021). International Society of Sports Nutrition position stand: sodium bicarbonate and exercise performance. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 18(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12970-021-00458-w
Gu, C., Chen, P., Tian, H., Yang, Y., Huang, Z., Yan, H., Tang, C., Xiang, J., Shangguan, L., Pan, K., Chen, P., Huang, Y., Liu, Z., Tang, R., Fan, S., & Lin, X. (2024). Targeting initial tumour–osteoclast spatiotemporal interaction to prevent bone metastasis. Nature Nanotechnology, 19(7), 1044–1054. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41565-024-01613-5
Hadzic, M., Eckstein, M. L., & Schugardt, M. (2019). Impact of sodium bicarbonate on performance in response to exercise duration in athletes: A systematic review. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine, 18(2), 271–281. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2018.11.010
Heisler, R. D., Kelly, J. J., Abdi, S. A., Hawker, J. L., Fong, L. G., Quon, J. L., Rioux, J. Z., & Jupp, J. C. (2021). Evaluation of an oral sodium bicarbonate protocol for high-dose methotrexate urine alkalinization. Supportive Care in Cancer, 30(2), 1273–1281. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00520-021-06503-3
Jiang, F. L., Jeong, D. H., Eom, S. H., Lee, H. M., Cha, B. J., Park, J. S., Kwon, R., Nam, J. Y., Yu, H. S., Heo, S. H., Kim, C. H., & Song, K. H. (2024). Effects of Enteric-Coated Formulation of Sodium Bicarbonate on Bicarbonate Absorption and Gastrointestinal Discomfort. Nutrients, 16(5), 744. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16050744
Krustrup, P., Ermidis, G., & Mohr, M. (2015). Sodium bicarbonate intake improves high-intensity intermittent exercise performance in trained young men. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12970-015-0087-6
Lino, R. S., Lagares, L. S., Oliveira, C. V. C., Queiroz, C. O., Pinto, L. L. T., Almeida, L. A. B., Bonfim, E. S., & dos Santos, C. P. C. (2021). Effect of sodium bicarbonate supplementation on two different performance indicators in sports: A systematic review with meta-analysis. Physical Activity and Nutrition, 25(1), 7–15. https://doi.org/10.20463/pan.2021.0002
Mahajan, A., Simoni, J., Sheather, S. J., Broglio, K. R., Rajab, M., & Wesson, D. E. (2010). Daily oral sodium bicarbonate preserves glomerular filtration rate by slowing its decline in early hypertensive nephropathy. Kidney International, 78(3), 303–309. https://doi.org/10.1038/ki.2010.129
Marriott, M., Krustrup, P., & Mohr, M. (2015). Ergogenic effects of caffeine and sodium bicarbonate supplementation on intermittent exercise performance preceded by intense arm cranking exercise. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12970-015-0075-x
McNaughton, L. R., Siegler, J., & Midgley, A. (2008). Ergogenic effects of sodium bicarbonate. Current Sports Medicine Reports, 7(4), 230–236. https://doi.org/10.1249/JSR.0b013e31817ef530
Mohebbi, N., Ritter, A., Wiegand, A., Graf, N., Dahdal, S., Sidler, D., Arampatzis, S., Hadaya, K., Mueller, T. F., Wagner, C. A., & Wüthrich, R. P. (2023). Sodium bicarbonate for kidney transplant recipients with metabolic acidosis in Switzerland: a multicentre, randomised, single-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial. The Lancet, 401(10376), 557–567. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(22)02606-x
Petre, A. & Davidson, K. (2021, October 20). Sodium bicarbonate supplements and exercise performance. Healthline. https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/baking-soda-and-performance#TOC_TITLE_HDR_9
Quade, B. N., Parker, M. D., & Occhipinti, R. (2020). The therapeutic importance of acid-base balance. Biochemical Pharmacology, 183, 114278. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114278
Siegler, J. C., & Hirscher, K. (2010). Sodium bicarbonate ingestion and boxing performance. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 24(1), 103–108. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181a392b2
Susantitaphong, P., Sewaralthahab, K., Balk, E. M., Jaber, B. L., & Madias, N. E. (2012). Short- and Long-Term Effects of Alkali Therapy in Chronic Kidney Disease: A Systematic Review. American Journal of Nephrology, 35(6), 540–547. https://doi.org/10.1159/000339329
Tanaka, S., Yamaguchi, D., Igawa, S. (2018). Effect of low-dose sodium bicarbonate sup-plementation on intermittent endurance performance. Food and Nutrition Sciences. 9, 1316–1326. https://doi.org/10.4236/fns.2018.911094
Yang, T., Lin, H., Wang, H., Chuang, M., Hsieh, C., Tsai, K., & Chen, J. (2024). Sodium Bicarbonate Treatment and Clinical Outcomes in Chronic Kidney Disease with Metabolic Acidosis. Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology, 19(8), 959–969. https://doi.org/10.2215/cjn.0000000000000487